Pattadakal – The Architectural Gem of Karnataka
Pattadakal in north Karnataka is an ancient complex of Hindu and Jain temples of 7th and 8th century CE. The complex has numerous temples that are quite significant and are visited by pilgrims from all around the nation. Pattadakal is situated at the banks of the Malaprabha river in the district of Bagalkot. This river is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is an add on to the pride of the place. The place is rather considered holy because of the river which is turned towards the Himalayas. Pattadakal is well-defined by UNESCO as a ‘harmonious blend of architectural forms from the north and south India’.
The art and beauty of the temples of Pattadakal are so unique and electrifying that they together make this place worth visiting. Most of the Pattadakal temples are dedicated to Lord Shiva. The monuments and inscriptions on these temples teach a lot about ancient times and attract a great number of people on a yearly basis.
Geography and Climate
- Location: Pattadakal lies on the banks of the Malaprabha River, about 22 km from Badami and 10 km from Aihole.
- Climate:
Summer (March–May): Hot and dry, temperatures between 25°C to 40°C.
Monsoon (June–September): Moderate rainfall, making the surroundings lush and scenic.
Winter (October–February): Cool and pleasant (15°C to 30°C), the best time to visit.
History of Pattadakal
Pattadakal was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty in the 7th century. Kisuvolal was the other name of the place which meant ‘the valley of red soil’. The Chalukyan rulers focused a lot on the cultural development of the region and during their reign, they built many temples in the Aihole-Badami region. In the 10th century, the region came under the rule of the Rashtrkuta kingdom which continued till the 11th century.
The Chalukyas again gained control over Pattadakal in the 12th century and resumed the work of building temples in the region. Pattadakal then got ruled for significant time periods by the Vijaynagar empire in the 14th century and by the Adil Shah dynasty in the 16th century. Pattadakal was also ruled by the Mughals, the Marathas, and the Britishers.
After India’s independence, the place got explored and preserved by ASI and it developed as a spiritual tourist destination for Hindu and Jain devotees.
Major Attractions in and Around Pattadakal
1. Virupaksha Temple
This is one of the largest temples in Pattadakal and was built in the 8th century for the purpose of commemorating the victory of king Vikramaditya II over the Pallavas of Kanchi. Furthermore, there are multiple inscriptions as well as the stone carvings featured on the stone Mantapa attracts tourists from across the country. Along with this, the sculptures of various Hindu Gods can also be found on the walls of this temple.
2. Kashiviswanatha Temple
This temple was built and constructed by the Rashtrakutas in the 8th century. What is really great about this temple is the fact that it displays the Nagara architecture in its finest form. Moreover, the pillars in the passage of this temple have many intricately carved female statues engraved on them.
3. Mallikarjuna Temple
The Mallikarjuna Temple is quite similar in terms of architecture as well as infrastructure to the Virupaksha temple. Built during the 7th century, this temple follows the Dravidian architectural style. The temple is believed to have been built by the queen Rani Trilokyamahadevi, the second wife of King Vikramaditya.
4. Sangameshwara Temple
- One of the oldest temples, built by King Vijayaditya (696–733 CE) in Dravidian style.
- Features sculptures of Lord Vishnu, Shiva, and Nataraja (Shiva in cosmic dance pose).
5. Kashi Vishwanatha Temple
- Built in Nagara style, dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- Features a unique pyramidal tower.
6. Galaganatha Temple
- Constructed in Rekha-Nagara style.
- Houses an idol of Shiva in his Gangadhara form (holding the River Ganga in his locks).
7. Jambulingeshwara Temple
- A small temple with Nagara-style architecture.
8. Jain Narayana Temple
- The only Jain temple, built by the Rashtrakutas in the 9th century.
- Features sculptures of Jain Tirthankaras.
9. Papanatha Temple
This temple was started with the nagara style construction initially. However, the architecture was changed and the temple was later rebuilt in the Vesara style. If you visit this temple then you will be finding a lot of insightful carvings on the walls of this temple along with the sculptures of Lord Shiva, Goddess Parvati, and Lord Vishu.
UNESCO World Heritage Status
In 1987, Pattadakal was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its unique and unparalleled contribution to early Indian temple architecture. It is part of the Chalukyan temple architecture triangle, along with Badami and Aihole.
Things to Do in Pattadakal
- Explore the Temple Complex
- Witness the Sunset at Malaprabha River
- Visit the Archaeological Museum
- Attend the Pattadakal Dance Festival
- Visit Nearby Heritage Sites
- Photography & Sketching
Best Time to Visit
- October to February (Winter season) – Pleasant weather, best for sightseeing.
- Avoid Summers (March to May) – Too hot for outdoor exploration.
- Monsoon (June to September) – Lush greenery but might have travel disruptions.
How to reach Pattadakal
It won't be wrong to refer Pattadakal as a national treasure. Yes, this complex of Hindu and Jain temples is a must-visit for anyone who is interested in Indian culture and heritage. Pattadakal is located at a distance of about 1,772, 603, 1,888, 446 km from Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bengaluru respectively. Check the information below to see how you can reach Pattadakal from other cities.
By Air
The nearest airport from Pattadakal is in Belgaum. It is located at a distance of about 170 km from Pattadakal. There are many direct flights that operate from some specific Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai to Belgaum. From the airport, one is required to take a taxi or a bus to reach Pattadakal.
Here is a list of Indian cities from where flights are available to Pattadakal
By Train
If you are planning to visit this place by train then Badami is the nearest railhead which is located at the distance of around 20 km from this tourist destination in Karnataka. From this station, you can either hire a cab or can get on a public bus to reach the desired location in Pattadakal.
By Road
This place is very well connected with other cities by road. You can easily find some of the state-run buses which commute on a regular basis from places like Bengaluru, Bijapur, Hubli, etc. Apart from buses, you can also travel by taxis or self-drive here.
- From Vellore - 665 km via NH48
- From Mysuru - 530 km via NH50
- From Anantapur - 284 km via Bellary - Uravakonda - Anantapur Rd
Frequently Asked Questions about Pattadakal
Q. What is Pattadakal famous for?
A. Pattadakal is famous for its UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring Chalukyan-era temples (7th–9th century CE) that beautifully blend Dravidian (South Indian) and Nagara (North Indian) architectural styles.
Q. What are the popular tourist destinations in Pattadakal?
A. Some of the popular tourist destinations in Pattadakal include the Virupaksha Temple, the Papanatha Temple, and the Jain Narayana Temple.
Q. Is there an entry fee to visit Pattadakal?
A. Yes, the entry fee for Pattadakal Temple Complex (as per ASI):
- Indians: ?40 per person
- Foreigners: ?600 per person
- Children below 15 years: Free
Q. How much time is needed to explore Pattadakal?
A. A half-day trip (3–4 hours) is enough to explore all the major temples. If you’re visiting Badami and Aihole as well, a full-day trip is recommended.
Q. Are guides available at Pattadakal?
A. Yes, government-approved guides are available at the temple complex, charging around ?300–?500 for a detailed tour.
